Agricultural and Biological Research

Comparing the structure and regeneration diversity of woody species in temperate managed stands

Seiran Khoonsiavashan, Mohsen Javanmiri Pour*, Jalil Karami

Natural regeneration is a critical factor in ensuring the survival and sustainability of forests. Natural processes and human activities influence the transformation of natural ecosystem landscapes. In this way, we have conducted a study to compare the species diversity and structural characteristics of woody species' natural regeneration in six managed Hyrcanian forest stands in Iran. Each stand's regeneration was classified based on diameter and height. Sample plots measuring 9 m² were selected for assessing regeneration in a systematic random network. The sampling method employed for this research was a full inventory sampling within each sample plot. We found that the Zilkiroud area had the highest number of regeneration stems across different diameters and heights, while the Fariroud area had a higher species diversity than other stands. Furthermore, the number of woody species in standard and coppice forms was highest for <2.5 cm collar diameters and <30 cm heights. Except for diameters <2.5 cm, beech species had fewer seedlings in the seedlings and ticket stage compared to other species. Our findings suggest that the sustainability of these stands can be achieved by implementing nature-like forestry management, livestock exclusion, and community participation in project implementation.